Dalkaisk (Language): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 01:30, 12 November 2020

Dalkaisk is the majority language spoken in Dalkai, and the Lingua Franca of Tauran communities abroad.

The language is the official language of Dalkai, as well as being spoken by a significant minority in Alphia, as well as in Dalkaisk pockets in Novenae. The Tauran sector in Atlas Valley contains a large amount of Dalkaisk speakers, and is the largest enclave of Dalkaisk language speakers outside of Tauran nations.

History

Srojkja

Dalkaisk was historically written in the Srojkja script, a consonant based alphabet where vowels were written above or below the consonants. Its connective appearance meant each letter possessed an initial, middle, and end version. Srojkja was eventually phased out in favor of the Ljekja Script used by the Gerbian Language. Srojkja is still used in early Dalkaisk aesthetic and art.

Ljekja

In 2501, Dalkai, while under the control of SMG, underwent the 2501 Dalkaisk Language Ljekjization, also called Ljekjinitsije, outlawing the old Srojkja system. The Ljekja script is still commonly used in settings representing Revolutionary and Early-Dalkaisk Periods, as well as those, typically older Dalkaisk, educated before the switch to the Latin/Cyrillic Alphabet.

Cyrillic

In 3017, Dalkai underwent the Dalkaisk Language Cyrillization, also called Syrilinitsije. During this time, Ljekja was seen as the remnant of an oppressive regime, as well as many other Gerbian cultural symbols. Arriving onto Terra, Dzheri Dumont officially instituted the Cyrillic alphabet as the official script for the Dalkaisk language due to higher letter-sound compatibility by the Primin and his cabinet. Although Cyrillic is the official writing system for Dalkaisk, Latin is much more widely used. Though spelling reforms have been issued in Latin, there is no equivalent reforms in Cyrillic Dalkaisk.

Cyrillic, although much more rare in daily life than Latin, is used in official settings, and on official documents along with Latin, although more and more, documents and government websites are offered only in Latin.

Tuviet (Tuvyetsk) speakers continue to use the previous Cyrillic script, even as Dalkaisk ceased usages of the alphabet. Along with older Dalkaisk speakers, Cyrillic users have been collectively called Syriliens (Syriliesk)

Latin

During the end of the Great Migration, Latinization of Dalkaisk increased in popularity and usage. Unlike Syrilinitsije, Dalkaisk Language Latinization, or Latjinitsije was a gradual process. Cyrillic, although official, was not as widely used due to the internationality of the Latin Alphabet. In 3020, the Latjinitsije Decitsije (Latinization Act) set the Latin Alphabet as the coofficial writing system of Dalkaisk with Cyrillic.

In 3018, the Language Ministry for Latin Dalkaisk, LMLD (Menetsiva Bajletsi Dalkajsk-naj Latinij, MBDL) issued reforms for Latin written Dalkaisk. Previously, obsolete sounds, and inferred pronunciations in certain words were simplified to more accurately match what is actually spoken. For instance, Dzheri Dumont used to be Dzheri Dumontj in the old spelling, fansja, meaning "force" used to be spelled faansja, and vazhi, meaning "book" used to be voazhe.

Grammar

Dalkaisk is an SVO language, similar to English, and occasionally allows OSV word order. Definite articles (e.g. the, a, etc.) are absent from the language, and are not used. Verbs inflections include morphemes added at the ends of words, and individual words added before the verb.

Noun Inflections

The main noun inflections decline based on number and prepositional phrasing (i.e to-, at-, from-).

The noun inflections are as follows:

Number Affixes:

-(a)n, Plural marker, (a is optional dependent on if the noun ends in a consonant or a vowel.)

Preprepositional Affixes:

av-, to (the/a) #
lo-, by (the/a) #, (when attached onto a noun starting in a vowel, a /β/ "v" sound is usually included when spoken, loajtse, "by the end" sounds more like lovajtse)
on-, in (the/a) #
je-, at (the/a) #
in-, from (the/a) #
por-, with (the/a) #
jaj-, on (the/a) #
las-, about (the/a) #
evo-, among (the/a) #, (see lo#)
-tsi, of (the/a) #, attached after a noun as a stylistic choice or a redundancy reducer, (from tsi # tsi #, to tsi # #tsi)

Order of noun suffixes go: Prep. + Root + Plu. + Prep.(Suffix)

Verb Inflections

-re, Past Tense
-(s)ejn, Future Tense
-te, Continuous Tense, (reduced to -t after the past tense marker)
-(l)ajm, Interrogative (Question) Tense
holje #, Perfect Tense (i.e had #, have #, etc.)
-jen, Habitual Tense, (Informal, dialectal)

Order of verb suffixes go: Past/Fut. + Cont./Hab. + Int.

Other Modifications

-isej / -isam, Adverb modifier for Adjectives
-ij / -esk, Common suffixes for Adjectives

Vocabulary

Common Vocabulary

Below is a list of some commonly used vocabulary in the Dalkaisk Language:

Dalkaisk	English	Part of Speech
ij	and	Conjunction
jen	are (multiple)	Verb
retjefre	attention	Noun
bajnizha	bank	Noun
angij	big	Adjective
lendve	border	Noun
peditse	bucket	Noun
kadiniz	capital	Noun
tsaj	city	Noun
kommunij	community	Adjective
desoj	create	Verb
dakj	dark	Adjective
task	day	Noun
suse	do	Verb
ajtse	end	Noun
fenstisije	festival	Noun
naj	for	Prepreposition
se	go	Verb
sborkije	group	Noun
privetsk	hello	Interjection
shenvinsk	honor	Noun
oraj	hour	Noun
ne	huh	Interjection
sut	if	Conjunction
tep	in	Prepreposition
je	is	Verb
bajle	language	Noun
vajne	life	Noun
voje	live	Verb
damjil	nation	Noun
pjo	no	Interjection
tsi	of	Prepreposition
narodmjov	person	Noun
popresheke	please	Interjection
pajsentse	province	Noun
rosinen	red	Adjective
rjespublika	republic	Noun
kham	room	Noun
poshe	room	Noun
reglen	say	Verb
tsappe	shop	Noun
otso	small	Adjective
zvetsio	special	Adjective
otsonije	stairs	Noun
lajsije	state	Noun
tensur	study	Noun
sombleja	symbol	Noun
nejan	then	Conjunction
loj	to	Prepreposition
av	to	Prepreposition
fel	tree	Noun
lestale	welcome	Interjection
tev	what	Interjection
men	with	Prepreposition
saj	yes	Interjection

Examples

Example 1

Dalkaisk: Renaj sere avbajnizha an oraj onpruste.

IPA: /ɾeˈnaʲ ˈseɾ(ə) ɑβˈbaʲniˌʒa an̪ ˈoɾaʲ ˌonˈpɾustə/

Literal: They-(3rd person pl.) go-(past) (to)-bank one hour (in)-past

English: They went to the bank one hour ago.

Example 2

Dalkaisk: Tej attsinjesejnte jo lajm?

IPA: /teʲ atˈt͡sinʲeˌseʲntə jo laʲm/

Literal: You-(2nd person sing.) open-(fut.)-(cont.) it (ques. particle)?

English: Will you be opening it? / You will be opening it, right?

Example 3

Dalkaisk: Nartaj tsi Aphjil jen felotsen ij felotsen itapjatsi

IPA: /naɾˈtaʲ t͡s(ɪ) apˈhʲil jen̪ feˈlot͡sen iɨ feˈlot͡sen ˌitaˈpʲat͡s(ɪ)/

Literal: North of Aphil be-(3rd-person-pl.) forest-(pl.) and forest-(pl.) spruce-(of).

English: North of Aphil are forests and forests of spruce.

Dialects

The Standardized Dialect, also known as Mainstream Dalkaisk, is based off the Nankai dialect of Reicala. Regional Dialects vary widely, with some dialects occasionally being written down.

In the Mainstream/Nankai Dialect, the following sentence would be written and spoken as such:

Pjo reglen kjem tej suseretjo sut ren desoj atkefre.

/pʲo ɾegˈlen̪ kʲem teʲ suˈse.ɾe.tʲə su(t) ɾen̪ deˈsoʲ ˈat.ke.fre/

English: Don't say that you did it if it creates trouble.

However, in the Dauija Dialect of Southeastern Reicala, the same sentence would feature more contractions and vowel dropping:

Pj'reglen kjem t'suseretj s'ren des'atkefre.

/pʲ.ɾegˈɫn kʲem t͡sʊˈseˌɾetʲ sɾen deˈsaʔ.ke.fɾə/

In the Avenije Dialect, due to it's 3 vowel phonological tendencies originating from the Avenian language, (/a/, /i/, /u/) the sentence would be:

Pia raglin kam tai susaritiu sut ran dasui atkipru.

/piˈa ragˈlin kam ˈta.i suˈsa.ri.ti.u sut ran daˈsu.i ˈat.ki.pru/

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 === Srojkja ===
-Dalkaisk was historically written in the Srojkja script, a consonant based alphabet where vowels were written above or below the consonants. Its connective appearance meant each letter possessed an initial, middle, and end version. Srojkja was eventually phased out in favor of the Cyrillic Script used by the Gerbian Language. Srojkja is still used in early Dalkaisk aesthetic and art.
+Dalkaisk was historically written in the Srojkja script, a consonant based alphabet where vowels were written above or below the consonants. Its connective appearance meant each letter possessed an initial, middle, and end version. Srojkja was eventually phased out in favor of the Ljekja Script used by the Gerbian Language. Srojkja is still used in early Dalkaisk aesthetic and art.
+=== Ljekja ===
+In 2501, Dalkai, while under the control of [[SMG]], underwent the 2501 Dalkaisk Language Ljekjization, also called ''Ljekjinitsije'', outlawing the old Srojkja system. The Ljekja script is still commonly used in settings representing Revolutionary and Early-Dalkaisk Periods, as well as those, typically older Dalkaisk, educated before the switch to the Latin/Cyrillic Alphabet.
 === Cyrillic ===
-In 2501, Dalkai, while under the control of [[SMG]], underwent the 2501 Dalkaisk Language Cyrillization, also called ''Syrilinitsije'', outlawing the old Strojkja system. The Cyrillic script is still commonly used in settings representing Revolutionary and Early-Dalkaisk Periods, as well as those, typically older Dalkaisk educated before the switch to the Latin Alphabet.
+In 3017, Dalkai underwent the Dalkaisk Language Cyrillization, also called ''Syrilinitsije. ''During this time, Ljekja was seen as the remnant of an oppressive regime, as well as many other Gerbian cultural symbols. Arriving onto [[Terra]], [[Dzheri Dumont]] officially instituted the Cyrillic alphabet as the official script for the Dalkaisk language due to higher letter-sound compatibility by the Primin and his cabinet. Although Cyrillic is the official writing system for Dalkaisk, Latin is much more widely used. Though spelling reforms have been issued in Latin, there is no equivalent reforms in Cyrillic Dalkaisk.
+Cyrillic, although much more rare in daily life than Latin, is used in official settings, and on official documents along with Latin, although more and more, documents and government websites are offered only in Latin.
 Tuviet (''Tuvyetsk'') speakers continue to use the previous Cyrillic script, even as Dalkaisk ceased usages of the alphabet. Along with older Dalkaisk speakers, Cyrillic users have been collectively called Syriliens (''Syriliesk'')
 === Latin ===
-During the Anti-SMG political turmoils prior to the [[The Red War|Red War]], Latinization of Dalkaisk increased in popularity and usage. Unlike Syrilinitsije, Dalkaisk Language Latinization, or Latjinitsije was a gradual process. During this time, Cyrillic was seen as the remnant of an oppressive regime, as well as many other Gerbian cultural symbols. in 2888, the ''Latjinitsije Decitsije ''(Latinization Act) set the Latin Alphabet as the official writing system of Dalkaisk. This script is still used to this day, although languages such as Avenian continue to use the Cyrillic script.
+During the end of the [[the Great Migration|Great Migration]], Latinization of Dalkaisk increased in popularity and usage. Unlike ''Syrilinitsije'', Dalkaisk Language Latinization, or ''Latjinitsije'' was a gradual process. Cyrillic, although official, was not as widely used due to the internationality of the Latin Alphabet. In 3020, the ''Latjinitsije Decitsije ''(Latinization Act) set the Latin Alphabet as the coofficial writing system of Dalkaisk with Cyrillic.
+In 3018, the Language Ministry for Latin Dalkaisk, LMLD (''Menetsiva Bajletsi Dalkajsk-naj Latinij, MBDL'') issued reforms for Latin written Dalkaisk. Previously, obsolete sounds, and inferred pronunciations in certain words were simplified to more accurately match what is actually spoken. For instance, ''Dzheri Dumont'' used to be ''Dzheri Dumontj'' in the old spelling, ''fansja'', meaning "force" used to be spelled ''faansja'', and ''vazhi'', meaning "book" used to be ''voazhe''.
 == Grammar ==